During the fortytwo years of his reign 155698 through widespread patronage and persistent guidance he transformed the arts in spain, then largely. He was a lover of books and pictures, and spains literary golden age began in his reign. It is interesting as a very brief overview, but any statements are too sweeping and some are simply not true. France also, eager to see england restored to the fold of roman church regarded mary of scotland as the rightful queen of england. When charles abdicated his various lands 155556, philip ii. Mulcahys engaging subchapter on the portrait painter sanchez coello, two letters by alonso sanchez coello, firmly attests to this premise. A cautious reformer, he was also a devout catholic during the protestant reformation whose religious. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Phillip has also became the king of spainin 1580 in 1591 people went against phillips rule,phillips military made severe financial problems an was the reason that his country in 1596 was bankrupt. Broad flan with lots of bold legend, choice full shield and cross, nearly full crown, slight highpoint wear but otherwise pristine. A vast archive of documents, unread since the sixteenth century, revises the portrait of spain s bestknown king philip ii is not only the most famous king in spanish history, but one of the most famous monarchs in english history. He attended school in spain and he loved it more than fighting, unlike the other boys.
He was as pious as his father, but lacked his intelligence and capacity for work. Identified with repression, bigotry, and fanaticism by his enemies, he has been judged more by the political events of his reign than by his person. He was a grandson of louis xiv and marie therese of austria and was king of spain from 1700 1724 and again from 1724 1746. King philip ii reigned over spain from 15541598 and this coincided with the peak of spanish greatness.
Ruler of the most formidable power in europe during the 1500s, king philip ii of spain played a major role in world affairs and in the development of englands foreign policy during the elizabethan era, the period associated with the reign of queen elizabeth i 15581603 that is. As a child, philip sometimes received secret memoranda from his father reminding him of the responsibility he bore as his fathers successor and warning. Philip ii played groups against each other, leading to a system of checks and balances that managed affairs inefficiently, even to the extent of damaging state business, as in the perez affair. He was also, as philip ii, king of portugal, naples, sicily and sardinia and duke of milan from 1598 until his death in 1621. What was the foreign policy of queen elizabeth of england. Start by marking philip ii of spain men in office as want to read.
This beautifully illustrated book attempts to examine and explain this fascinating enigma. In his art, there were often saints and martyrs because he painted with the deep catholic faith in spain in mind. He was born in valladolid, and was the only son of holy roman emperor charles v and his wife to live until he was an adult. During 200708 veritaspublishing published her spanish hapsburg trilogy. However, his reign saw the economic decline of spain, her bankruptcy and a disastrous decade from 1588 to 1598 which.
Portugal 15801598 philip ii was born in valladolid, spain to charles v and isabella of portugal. In 1598 he died an his country was divided and was economony depreesed. Philip ii, king of spain 15271598, husband of mary i. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. He was the son of charles i of spain and isabella of portugal.
Ruler of the most formidable power in europe during the 1500s, king philip ii of spain played a major role in world affairs and in the development of englands foreign policy during the elizabethan era, the period associated with the reign of queen elizabeth i. This website displays many pieces of information on phillip ii of spain. Philip v of spain 19 december 1683 9 july 1746 was the second son of louis, grand dauphin and maria anna victoria of bavaria. King philip was blind to the new forces of religion and politics. This site is all about philip ii, ruler of spain, naples, england, the netherlands, and many more territories that spanned across both the east and west coasts. Philip was prepared to succeed charles almost from birth.
Philip ii, king of spain, council of trent document, 1564 mss 143 this collection contains official text, in spanish, of the famous royal cedula by which king philip ii promulgated the catholic churchs reply to the protestant revolt from the church. In 1554 philip married mary i of england and became joint sovereign of england until marys death, without issue, in 1558. Philip ii of spain could be forgiven for feeling rather depressed when he first set eyes on his bridetobe, his aunt mary tudor, queen of england, shortly before their wedding in 1554. Patron of the arts is not a book about superstars, but rather about the underdogs. When charles abdicated his various lands 155556, philip ii 155698 succeeded to all his fathers dominions except germany. Spain philip ii britannica encyclopedia britannica. Nov 19, 2008 philip ii of spain david kim philip cho. During his reign the spanish empire attained its greatest power and widest geographical extent but also suffered setbacks in its relations with the protestant nations of northern europe. He lived at a time of upheaval and change, with the reformation and counterreformation, shifting alliances among the major powers, expansion of habsburg power the phrase about the sun never setting on the empire was first applied to philips reign, and economic changes. Philip, being a control freak, sought to micromanage policy. Both were dissatisfied with the state of affairs in england, spain wished to regain the influence it had wielded there during marys reign and to reestablish catholicism. List of books and articles about philip ii of spain online.
This gave philip control of the extensive portuguese empire. King philip ii of spain wrote the revolutionary laws of the indies in 1573, a series of proclamations providing specific and at the very least meticulous instructions on how to properly build a settlement in the new world. Problems during philip ii s reign philip ii was the. Philip ii of spain, a part of the habsburg dynasty, was born on may 21, 1527, and died on september, 1598. Check out this biography to know about his childhood, family life, achievements and fun facts about his life. He lived at a time of upheaval and change, with the reformation and counterreformation, shifting alliances among the major powers, expansion of habsburg power the phrase about the sun never setting on the empire was first applied to philips reign, and.
Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle. Mar 17, 2015 philip ii, as head of the government of spain, believed in the divine right of monarchs and used this to justify a number of immoral and illegal acts, such as ordering murders. Childhood philip ii was born the 21st may 1527 in valladolid. This represented the contemporary view of philips foreign policy, especially that held by his enemies, very well. Apr 11, 2003 the foreign policy of king philip ii of spain the king of spain, wrote pope sixtus v in 1589, is anxious above all to safeguard and to increase his dominions. Philip ii of spain, the diurnal southwestern quadrant, consisting of the 7th, 8th and 9th houses, prevails in your chart. Oct 20, 2015 free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. His empire in europe, now without the imperial title, was still only a loose union of independent states recognizing the same head. Dec 15, 2004 philip ii, king of spain, was a study in contrasts. The second wife of philip ii of spain was mary i of england in 1554. He was a handsome fellow who was used to having his pick of europes most attractive women.
Francisco franco 18921975 ruled spain as a military dictator from 1939 until his death. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. Philip ii of spain was crowned philip i of portugal in 1581 recognized as king by the portuguese cortes of tomar and a near sixtyyear personal union under the rule of the philippine dynasty began. Philip ii felt it necessary to be involved in the detail, and he presided over specialised councils for state affairs, finance, war, and the inquisition. In 1543, he married his first wife, princess maria manuela of portugal. Philip ii, king of spain, council of trent document, 1564. Philip ii, king of spain person national portrait gallery. Philip v, who reluctantly assumed the spanish throne in 1700, was the first of the bourbon dynasty which continues to rule spain today. In many senses philip ii had too many responsibilities and not enough financial clout to respond to his foreign problems. Not so parker, who has capped a career of writing about spain and its enemies with a superb study that is part biography, part military history, and part strategic treatise. The first wife of philip ii of spain was his cousin maria of portugal in 1543. Philip ii s foreign policy was to affect much of europe. He was the son of the emperor charles v, and of his wife isabella of portugal, who were first cousins.
The particular set which philip ii published in 1573 contains 148 ordiances, specifying exactly where. Philip, a great traditionalist, was not the man to inspire his different subjects with a new unifying. She became interested in spain s history and then began writing historical fiction. Philip developed a system of regional selfgovernment with viceroys answering to him and he ruled as an absolute monarch. He rose to power during the bloody spanish civil war when his nationalist forces overthrew the. Aspects of the project include a biography, his legacy, and phillips way of ruling. This represented the contemporary view of philip s foreign policy, especially that held by his enemies, very well. Aside from reducing state revenues for overseas expeditions, the domestic policies of philip ii further burdened spain, and would, in the following century, contribute to its decline. A deeply religious man, he subsequently made an offer of marriage to elizabeth after marys death, with the proviso that she must convert to roman catholicism.
King of spain, who ruled one of the largest empires of all time, including england, portugal, the netherlands. It was natural, therefore, that spanish foreign policy remained on the. The third wife of philip ii of spain was elizabeth of valois, daughter. Mar 27, 2020 philip ii was born on may 21, 1527, in valladolid, spain. Historians, and historians of the early modern period in particular, often sniff at more ambitious scholars who generalize about strategy. This section needs additional citations for verification. Philip ii, king of spain, was a study in contrasts. Sunday, april 12, 2020 text is available under the cc bysa 3. Mckinley wanted an end to the cubanspanish conflict but demanded that spain.
List of books and articles about philip ii of spain. In doing so the author aims to reveal much about philip the youth, the man, the husband and often troubled king. The image of philip ii 152798 as stern and assiduous defender of his political inheritance and of the catholic faith is tempered and enriched by the image of patron and collector of art. Astrology and natal chart of philip ii of spain, born on. Choose from 500 different sets of monarchs flashcards on quizlet. He had certain fixed ideas and principles by which he wrongly estimated the inherent strength of protestantism and democratic nationalism, which were strong throughout europe. Drawing on unpublished correspondence and other archival sources, this biography of philip of spain places him within the social, cultural, religious and regional context of his times. He succeeded charles ii of spain who was childless and mad. Philip ii of spain biography facts, childhood, life.
Leader of millions, he was a solitary and reclusive man who avoided contact with most people. The spanish empire was not a single monarchy with one legal system but a federation of separate realms, each jealously guarding its own rights. The books homepage helps you explore earths biggest bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch. Carlos, charles laurence philip ii of spain, diego, ferdinand, infanta catherine michelle of spain, isabella clara eugenia, marie of spain, philip iii of spain, prince of asturias. His art confused many people because it distorted the human figure, used clashing colors, and symbolically expressed emotion. Philip ii and the spanish armada western civilization. He lived in several castles with his mother until he was seven. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. Engage your students during remote learning with video readalouds. Deeply religious and committed to the catholic cause, he was also shockingly violent and ruthless toward his enemies. Philip ii of spain may 21, 1527 september, 1598 was, starting in 1556, king of spain, and burgundy, the netherlands, naples, sicily, and overseas spanish america. Philips foreign policy went from grand successes, such as defeating the turks at lepanto, to humiliating defeats as happened in 1588 with the failure of the spanish armada. Philip iii, 15781621, king of spain, naples, and sicily 15981621 and, as philip ii, king of portugal 15981621. The empire of philip ii s reign consequences of these problems all these wars were so costly that they ruined the economy, and philip ii was forced to declare bankruptcy several times.
Sitter associated with 27 portraits the son of the holy roman emperor charles v, philip married mary i against the wishes of parliament and people in 1554. Philip was the son of charles vthe reigning holy roman emperorand isabella of portugal. Philip v of spain simple english wikipedia, the free. Philip ii of spain was the ruler of one of the largest empires in the history of the world. Please help improve this article by adding citations to. Champion of the roman catholic counterreformation, philip ii was king of spain from 1556 to 1598. Philip ii controlled spain for fiftyfive years in the latter half of the sixteenth. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. Philip ii was born on may 21, 1527, in valladolid, spain. Philip ii, king of spain 155698 and portugal 158098 who was a champion. Seville, spain, cob 2 escudos, philip ii, assayer gothic d below mintmark s to left, with kings ordinal ii, ngc au 58.
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